Seen from the responsibilities definitions only, the...

Seen from the responsibilities definitions only, the objective shown in Figure 1 presents the advantages of defining an attainable objective and within the scope of the responsible authority actions in the evaluation. Nevertheless there are intrinsic limitations if people in charge of the operations and actions of the programs didn ´t use the information granted by the evaluations themselves and therefore the final result of social policy could very null or very restricted. Furthermore, if evidence in the prevailing context is unable to lead to action, its utility and the existence of an evaluation area is under doubt. As it is shown in the figure, under this conceptualization the offered product in this model by the evaluation areas, as a†¦show more content†¦The first of these objectives is clearly represented in Figure 1. Innovation consists in the inclusion of the element referred to management of evidence and use of evidence as a fundamental part for its final goals. These two elements offer a wider view of the ME function and offers a different dimension to DGSE. Added innovations by the DGSE The logic sequence for tooling processes of a policy within a results based management model in a conceptual manner includes: i. A diagnosis for the problem to be solved ii. Process of planning and establishment of goals iii. Design of policy tools and interventions needed to achieve goals iv. Financial flow to realizing actions v. Execution of actions vi. Measurement and evaluation of the intervention effect vii. Feedback for planning process to improve strategies and procedures aligned with evaluations results as well as for developing improvements in the plans using evidence viii. Improvement plans tooling including changes and adjustments resulting from the evaluation ix. Measurement and evaluation of the improvement effects x. Evolve towards point (iii) in order to establish a continuous improvement process Traditional model presented in Figure 1 includes points (i) through (iv) of the latter list. In some casesShow MoreRelatedLogic And Logic Of Computer Science And Computers1355 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral. A historical background behind logic and Logical reasoning is firstly given, followed by an overview of the modern subject and the types it’s divided into. The types are then explained. The overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science is also given an explanation. The report ends with a brief overview on the subject and its tie to computer science and computing. 2. History of Logic and Reasoning 2.1 Logic in Greece and Europe The term â€Å"Logic† hails from the ancient Greek wordRead MoreIntro to Logic821 Words   |  4 Pages1. The following argument violates some principles of well-crafted arguments: While 1[there is much wickedness in the world,] 2[then there is also much good.] For 3[if there is evil, then there must be good,] since 4[good and evil are relative, like big and small.] And no one will deny that 5[evil exists.] Answer questions ‘a’ to ‘e’ below from the passage above. A) Write a well-crafted version of the argument, replacing the emotionally loaded verbiage with more neutral language. 1. TheRead MoreThe Process Of Deduction Logic1106 Words   |  5 Pagesobservation. One conventionally accepted method is through deductive logic. Deductive logic is research that begins with a theory and arrives at a specific expectation through a series of scientific steps. Both explanatory and exploratory techniques can be used in deductive. In contrast, inductive methods, in which researchers examine specific data sets and detect general patterns, are considered non-traditional. In inductive logic, â€Å"the identification of empirical patterns result in a generalizationRead MoreSyllogisms Logic Essay679 Words   |  3 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Syllogisms Logic PART I: SYLLOGISMS To be a valid syllogism, the conclusion must be proven by the reasons. Carefully study the following syllogisms and decide if they are valid or invalid: 1. All zebras are striped animals. No zebras are polar bears. Therefore, no polar bears are striped animals. 2. All clowns are funny individuals. Some sad people are clowns. Therefore, some sad people are funny individuals. 3. Some stickyRead More Nature and Logic Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pages Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic The Nature of Logic Abstract: Some of the uses of logic are illustrated, and deductive arguments are briefly distinguished from inductive arguments. I. Logic is the study of the methods and principles used in distinguishing correct from incorrect reasoning. B. Logic differs from psychology in being a normative or a prescriptive discipline rather than a descriptive discipline. 1. I.e., it prescribes how one ought to reason; its not concerned with how oneRead MoreWhy Reason And Logic?901 Words   |  4 Pages Reason and Logic From the mundane to abnormal reason and logic plays a major role in every function of our lives, in helping us clearly gain knowledge of the things that are occurring. Reason is the fundamental guideline of understanding. It is the method of identifying entities through one s sensesit helps us transform perceptions into concepts, gaining knowledge through this process, integrating that knowledge into the rest of one s knowledge, and evaluating and manipulating ideasRead MoreLogic Models1480 Words   |  6 PagesEverything You Wanted to Know About Logic Models But Were Afraid to Ask This paper addresses situations where a private foundation designs an initiative and awards grants to a number of sites to participate in the initiative in their local setting. The basic ideas are applicable to other situations. What is a Logic Model? The term logic model comes from the evaluation field, but these models don’t just belong to evaluators or the evaluation plan. As the term suggests, they are a basicRead More Nature of Logic and Perception Essays1127 Words   |  5 PagesNature or Logic and Perception Outline: 1. Definition of logic and its connection with critical thinking. 2. An everyday example is given when use of logic and critical thinking takes place. 3. Nature of logic defined. 4. Perceptual shortcuts and factors influencing it. 5. How these shortcuts affect our decisions. 6. My personal experience of perceptual shortcut. 7. What I learned from this experience. 8. Importance of logic and critical thinking. 9. Read More The Influence of Logic and Perception Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesThe Influence of Logic and Perception The online website, dictionary.com, defines logic as the study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning. (http://dictionary.reference.com/) This same website defines critical thinking as the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusionRead More The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay698 Words   |  3 Pageshow we think. How did we come to a certain conclusion or perception? This paper will explain the nature of logic to critical thinking. Also covered will be my own perceptual process and a description of the types of blocks that influence my views. It is the ability to hone the thinking skills necessary to become a well-rounded contributor to a society or an organization. The nature of logic to critical thinking begins at an early age. From the time one learns the difference between hot and cold

The Effects Of Immigrants On American Agriculture

The Effect of Immigrants in American Agriculture: Over the past couple decades the number of undocumented immigrants involved in American agriculture has increased by the hundreds. They have dominated the fields on the west coast and have been put to work in some very harsh conditions. Many people in the US believe that these men, women, and even children are occupying jobs that legal citizens could have. We realize that even though much of our agriculture these days is harvested by modern technologies, a big part of the agriculture’s economy is made up of labor intensive from people, such as harvesting grapes, strawberries, pistachios, raspberries, etcetera. As we dig deeper into this topic we will realize why our agricultural†¦show more content†¦Obviously since these crops are harvested with machines, not much human labor is needed, in fact almost none at all. Now, the other 37% of the 208 billion dollars represent the $77.2 billion that is made off of all the labor intensive products such as strawberries, app les, pistachios, melons, and all other sorts of vegetables, nuts, and fruits. Now, where do the immigrants of the US play into this? The interesting thing is that in the labor intensive harvesting jobs is that we find a growing abundance of immigrants. So how is it that those jobs aren’t occupied by Americans? Flash back to the the end of the 1400s and the beginning of the 1500s. Columbus discovered the Americas under funding of Spain and The Catholic Kings. Spain colonized most of Central America and basically the entire â€Å"Wild West†. Spanish became a native language in that area. Then came Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American war broke out ending in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 giving the US all the land what is now considered New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and CALIFORNIA!!! Ring any bells? So basically these â€Å"immigrants† actually share ancestral land with a country that considers them outsiders. Now, you must be wondering why I am talking about ancestral land instead of economy. Well they both have to do a lot with each other. Many of the hispanic people who were stuck in the US after the treaty were farmers, it wasShow MoreRelatedShould The Deportation Of All Immigrants Really? Make America Great Again?995 Words   |  4 Pagesdeporta tion of all immigrants really â€Å"make America great again?† Consider how Native Americans were the first to inhabit the lands of Florida. Christopher Columbus and his counterparts stepped into the scene and claimed to have discovered the New World. In this case, it is true that history repeats itself because the issue of driving people out of free land persists today. Perhaps it’s because there are several misconceptions associated with immigrants. Perhaps it’s because Americans do not want to changeRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The Agriculture1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Immigration on the Agriculture Labor Force The topic chosen is the impact of immigration on the agriculture in the United states. Within this topic, there are many aspects to be considered. How much of the labor force of the agricultural industry has included immigrants? How do the positive and negative aspects weigh out? Many people have an opinion on immigrants, but there are some that lack the basic knowledge of the positive effects of immigration. This specific topic was chosenRead MoreThe Influx of the Illegal Immigrants to the Unite States909 Words   |  4 PagesThe influx of the illegal immigrants over the past decade has become more noticeable issue in the United States. Some consider the illegal immigrants are the real social and financial burden for the U.S. and demand strict resolute policies to be implemented for them. Others state that in case of deportation of the undocumented immigrants, such as farm workers or specialists in construction and hospitality spheres, there will appear a huge labor shortage with the following economic fall-out. The followingRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdomestic work for a variety of reasons and factors. During the 1960s and 1970s the demographics of migrants from Central America started to shift. Originally men were the primary immigrants to migrate to the United States for jobs in agriculture. However, as the openings in the domestic work industry formed, Central American women started to pioneer their own labor migration. An example of this can be found in the studies of Sociologist Terry Repak who discovered that in Washington, D.C. during theRead MoreThe United States Of America Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagescircumstances of their birth. . Countless immigrants come to America each year, holding onto this fading idea of the American Dream. Some seek opportunity, better lives for themselves or their children. Others seek asylum, fleeing countries and territories to escape deadly regimes and gang violence. Many of them come illegally; as many as eleven million illegal immigrants currently reside within the United States, according to a study published by the Center of Latin American Studies at the University of CaliforniaRead MoreThe Issue Of Illegal Immigrants1441 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyle is called ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the reason that American citizen’s highly debate and criticize illegal immigration, arguing that illegal immigrants are drug addicted thieves who thrive off of stealing American’s jobs and harming the United States labor force and the economy. As the immigration rate progressively rise’s it simultaneously concerns those who favor strict immigration laws and believe that illegal immigrants are harming the United States. However, these assumptions are hardlyRead MoreBenefits for Illegal Immigrants682 Words   |  3 PagesBenefits for Illegal Immigrants George W. Bush, former president of the United States of America once said, â€Å"America is a nation of immigration; immigration is good for America and for those who come here seeking freedom and opportunity.† In our country today, one of the most heated ongoing debates addresses illegal immigrants and their right to benefits as people residing in the United States. Undocumented illegal aliens should unquestionably receive benefits because our country itself was constructedRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The United States1454 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the country. Most notably, American influence has spread throughout the world due to globalization. Many additional markets have opened up worldwide for American companies to sell their products. This has led to a rise of multinational corporations and has greatly increased their influence. A multinational company, or MNC, is a company that operates within more than one country while incorporating international sales and diversity within management. (p.5). The effect has led to a greater emphasisRead MoreUrban Agriculture Essay example1627 Words   |  7 PagesWithin the article Urban Agriculture And Sustainable Cities its authors comment: â€Å"Large cities, not villages and towns, are becoming our main habitat. Urban growth is changing the face of the earth and the condition of humanity. In one century, global urban populations have expanded from 15 to 50% of the total, which itself has gone up from 1.5 to nearly 6 billion† (Deelstra/ Girardet). In a world of cultural scientific knowledge and industrialization, establishing agriculture into the ever-growingRead MoreAmerica’s View on Immigration638 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica’s View on Immigration Americans, in the late 1800s and beginning of the 1900s, had a diversity of views about immigration and the immigrants. The United States of America, a nation of immigrants, had been welcoming to immigration in the 1800-1900’s. Thomas Page, a professor of the University of Virginia said, â€Å"Until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the attitude of the press and of the public men in the United States was with few exceptions strongly favorable to immigration. †

The Japan 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss aboutthe Japan 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami. Answer: The earthquake and tsunami in Japan claimed more than 18,000 human lives and more than 120, 000 were left homeless. A lot of buildings that approximate to 110,000 destroyed and properties worth billions of money lost. The earthquake was unexpected with a magnitude of 9.1. The crisis was so devastating especially because the predictions of the scientists had prepared people for an earthquake of much smaller magnitude. The article analyzed by Nakajima et al. describe the crisis that happened on March 11, 2011. The earthquake that happened in Tohoku, Japan in 2011 was due to the stress released between two tectonic plates that had been built up for centuries. The Pacific plate in Japan dived underneath the overriding Eurasian plate which in turn led to an enormous earthquake and tsunami. According to the article by Nakamura et al. 895, the Tohoku disaster was a triple tragedy; tsunami, earthquake and the melting down of the nuclear power. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant cooled as a result of the tsunami leading to failure of the system. The nuclear melted down and released radioactive materials forcing an immediate evacuation of the towns that were nearby. The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant design was meant for a tsunami smaller than the March 2011 tragedy. The accident brought about by the melting of the plant, therefore increased both long-term and short-term effects of the earthquake and tsunami disaster significantly. This crisis is described as the worst of all crises since the incident of World War II. Humanitarian Aid The Tohoku earthquake and tsunami happened in March 2011, and as of September 15, 2011, 43 international organizations and 163 countries and regions had offered assistance to Japan according to Japans foreign ministry report (Katzenstein et al. 2). As of March 2012, the areas that were struck and affected by the disaster had received donations which totaled 520 billion. Several people that approximated to 930,000 volunteered in the efforts to recover disaster victims and administer medical assistance. The Japan government made a specific request to other governments such as United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand as well as South Korea, Canada and Australia. The governments responded positively with some sending relief funds, rescuers and search dogs, food, medicine and medical support teams. A country like Canada had staff that was ready with the expertise of dealing with nuclear materials. The prime minister, therefore, offered chemical, radiological and equipment for nuclear decontamination. Alongside were disaster victim identification team and the Canadian Red Cross that ensured a continuous supply of fresh drinking water to the injured and displaced victims. The non-governmental organizations also provided humanitarian aid towards the earthquake and tsunami disaster. Corporations, groups, and individuals from various countries donated relief foods and recovery efforts. For instance, the Canadian volunteer medical assistance team availed a medical team, medical supplies and a portable field hospital at the disaster point. The humanitarian coalition together with the Red Cross also mobilized the Canadian citizens hence collecting funds towards Japan relief efforts (Kovcs et al. 520).The international non-governmental organization, save the children also responded to the disaster swiftly. They took care of the interests of the children by providing their basic needs and relief food and medical facilities. Development of Japan The earthquake and tsunami destroyed the affected areas of Japan especially the eastern regions. The revival of the country, therefore relied on the rebuilding process of the towns in east Japan. Several people evacuated from the cities neighboring Fukushima nuclear plant due to contamination by the radiations (Ohnishi 10). Many displaced people still live in temporary housing, and therefore the project of rebuilding these towns will provide homes for them. The plans of recovering and reconstructing Japan consist of national, municipal and prefectural and residential level to ensure the national land is used in a comprehensively and systematically manner (Mochizuki 115). The total process of recovering and reconstructing Japan was budgeted to cost USD 290 billion. The rebuilding project was estimated to take ten years. Related studies analyzed by (Marjanovic et al. 34) based on new opportunities and challenges in business process management and recovery from disaster. In this article, the authors analyze restoration and reconstruction of disaster from the business process management. Japan was both politically and socially impossible to change before the accident. Many therefore believed that the catastrophe had presented an opportunity for the transformation of the society of Japan. The disaster offered an opportunity for building a new Japan with the implementation of the plans that were impossible to be effected. Works cited Katzenstein, Peter J., and Nobuo Okawara. "Japan, Asian-Pacific security, and the case for analytical eclecticism."International Security26.3 (2001): 02. Kovcs, Gyngyi, and Karen Spens. "Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics."International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management39.6 (2009): 506-528. Marjanovic, Olivera, and Petri Hallikainen. "Disaster RecoveryNew Challenges and Opportunities for Business Process Management Research and Practice."Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems5.1 (2013). Mochizuki, Junko. "Decision-making, policy choices and community rebuilding after the Tohoku disaster."IDRiM Journal4.2 (2014): 103-118. Nakajima, Junichi, and Akira Hasegawa. "Tomographic evidence for the mantle upwelling beneath southwestern Japan and its implications for arc magmatism."Earth and Planetary Science Letters254.1 (2007): 90-105. Nakamura, Akira, and Masao Kikuchi. "What we know and what we have not yet learned: Triple disasters and the Fukushima nuclear fiasco in Japan."Public Administration Review71.6 (2011): 893-899. Ohnishi, Takeo. "The disaster at Japan's Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant after March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami, and the resulting spread of radioisotope contamination."Radiation research177.1 (2011): 1-14.

Isolation of Pure Cultures by Dilution Techniques and Gram Staining Method free essay sample

In Gram staining, a purple crystal violet stain is used to stain the cells for 30 seconds then it is washed with water and Gram’s iodine is applied for 30 seconds and wash of with water. A complex between crystal violet and iodine (CV-I) is formed within the cell. The structure that determines the Gram reaction is the cell wall structure and not that shape. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are stained purple in the Gram staining as they have a high amount of peptidoglycan which forms the outer layer of the cell. This thick peptidoglycan layer is able to trap the purple CV-I complex even after alcohol treatment. Escherichia coli is stained pink in the Gram staining and it is a Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacterias usually have a thin peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positive bacterias. The peptidoglycan layer is located between the plasma membrane and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide and this outer layer is dissolved during the alcohol treatment which results in a loss of the CV-I complex, hence the pink safranin counterstain is trapped by the peptidoglycan layer (ASM, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Isolation of Pure Cultures by Dilution Techniques and Gram Staining Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gram staining allows us to observe the characteristics and cell size, shape and arrangement. For Bacillus cereus, endospores were also viewed during microscopic observation. During Gram staining, the most crucial step in determining the outcome is the decolourisation by alcohol step. If alcohol is applied too long, the alcohol may wash all the CV-I complex that is trapped in peptidoglycan layer. Therefore, alcohol is only applied for 30 seconds and then it was washed off with water. The dried smear was passed through the Bunsen flame so that the cells will adhere to the slide so that they can be stained. Fixation also helps preserve the structure of stained cells by inactivating the enzymes that may disrupt the cell morphology and also to kill the cells (Hogg S. , 2005). It was ensured not to use the whole colony to make the smear as it will affect the Gram stain results. If a whole colony is used to make the smear, the smear would be too thick and may not decolourize adequately with alcohol treatment. Gram-negative bacterias would not be stained by the safranin counterstain (ASM, 2004). Each step in the Gram stain is crucial to produce accurate results. If any of the steps is missed, it could seriously affect the Gram stain reactions/results. For a heat fixed smear slides containing B. cereus, E. coli and S. aureus, say if the staining with crystal violet step is missed, the B. cereus and S. aureus will be colourless and the E. coli will be stained red. If the staining with iodine step is omited, the B. cereus and S. aureus will be stained light purple while the E. coli will be stained red. If the decolorisation step is missed, the B. cereus, E. coli and S. aureus will be stained purple. If the last step of Gram staining which is the fuchsin stain is omited, both the B. cereus and S. aureus will be stained purple while the E. coli will be colourless. Therefore, it is very important to follow the procedure of Gram staining in order to obtain accurate results. In Session 1, Part A, B and C, three different techniques of producing pure cultures were used; the streak plate, the spread plate and the pour plate. In the streak plate method, a relatively large concentration of microorganisms is diluted into a small, scattered population of cells. An inoculating loop is used for streaking the agar plates. The inoculating loop must be ensured that it is not badly oxidized or it will fail to dilute the inoculum. Observations on the colonies of the streak plate after incubation shows that at the 4th and 5th inoculum, the individual colonies are at least 2mm apart and could be distinguished easily. In Table 2, it is shown that for the spread plate technique, the colonies were evenly distributed on the plate but there was more overlapping but somehow individual colonies could still be distinguished. In this spread plate technique, the mixture of the bacteria was diluted and a small aliquot was transferred to an agar plate and then it was incubated at 370C for one day. The suspension was distributed evenly over the surface by a special streaking technique using the bent glass rod. For the pour plate, it was observed that some bacterial colonies were embedded in the agar and it was difficult to distinguish the individual colonies. In all these three techniques, agar was used in preference to gelatin for making the nutrient media is because the agar once solidified will stay solid over a wide range of incubation conditions. Agar medium also have resistance to degradation by bacteria. Another advantage of using agar as a solid medium is because of its relative clarity which permits easy viewing of growth on or in the medium. Gelatine is not preferred for making solid media as it liquidify at 250C and this prevents the plates from being incubated at higher temperature and gelatine is also hydrolysed by gelitinase enzyme that is produced by most proteolytic organisms (Perry et al. , 2002). Amongst the three techniques used in producing pure cultures, it was observed that the streak plate technique was more suitable to produce well separated single colonies from a broth culture containing a mixture of organisms. In this technique, the inoculating loop is used to dilute the mixed culture around the agar plate. The loop is sterilized by flaming it in the Bunsen flame between each set of streaks so that the amount of mixed culture in set of streaks is progressively lessened, hence well isolated colonies were formed in the 4th and 5th inoculum. Specific colony can be insolated from the mixed culture. It was also observed that well separated colonies appear larger than those in areas of heavy growth. This is due to less competition for nutrient on the agar, thus increasing the growth rate of the bacteria in the colony. Individual colony does not always consist of one type of bacterium could be due to overlapping of colonies. Streaking method used could be wrong. Experimental errors could occur such as the inoculating loop is not properly sterilized during flaming before the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th streaking. Individual colony does not always originate from a single parent cell could be due to contamination of the environment. In this practical, experimental errors may have occurred such as the streak plate, pour plate and spread plate technique is not done in an aseptic environment. During the process of the streak plate method, the inoculating loop is rusty and pitted, hence the surface of the agar is scratched and bacteria colonies are found grown within the agar. In Session 2 of the practical, only two types of colony are successfully isolated and the third colony is no where to be found on the streak plate agar. This could be due to incorrect streaking method and the flamed inoculating loop is not properly cool down before the next streaking thus killing the bacteria. Conclusion Gram staining is differential staining method which helps us to observe and compare the morphological cellular features of bacteria, the colonial features of isolated bacterial colonies were also observed and the streak plate technique is the most effective way to produce pure cultures.